This summary report has been produced at the request of the Sustainable Development General Commission (CGDD) of the French Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Territorial Development (MEEDDAT). It also received the support of the European Commission (DG Research, Circe project – “Climate change and impact research: the Mediterranean environment”, FP 6) and the Région Ile de France (R2DS project). Drafted by IDDRI, in collaboration with CIRED, this document provides up-to-date information on conceivable climate trends and on their potential impact on natural resources and the different major sectors of activity for the Mediterranean. Principles and recommendations are also put forward to guide the design and implementation of adaptation strategies, at different levels and in different fields.