Réaliser d'importantes réductions d'émissions de GES requiert, de façon communément admise, un lien étroit entre planification stratégique à long terme et action politique de court terme. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit l'article 4.19 de l'Accord de Paris « [...] invitant les Parties à communiquer, d’ici à 2020, [...] leurs stratégies de développement à faible émission de gaz à effet de serre à long terme pour le milieu du siècle [...] ». À l'échelle européenne, des orientations et objectifs minimum visant à répondre à cette invitation sont actuellement en discussion au sein de l'UE.
Cette étude analyse quelques expériences récentes de planification stratégique de décarbonation dans plusieurs États membres. Des premières leçons, et bonnes pratiques, sont tirées de ces exemples, puis mises en perspective à l'échelle de l'UE.
MESSAGES CLÉS [en anglais] :
- LONG-TERM (2050) DECARBONIZATION STRATEGIES ARE VITAL FOR RAISING AMBITION AND FOR EFFECTIVE CLIMATE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
There is increasing recognition that achieving deep cuts to GHG emissions requires a close link between long term strategic planning and short term policy action. Long term decarbonization strategies are important at a technical level, because they can help countries to identify concrete and feasible pathways to decarbonization, based on their national particularities, and then to determine their implications for immediate policies and measures. They can also serve an important social and political function, by facilitating a concrete and analytically based discussion between national stakeholders about what long-term decarbonization implies.
- THE EU’S DRAFT NEW ENERGY UNION GOVERNANCE REGULATION COULD DO MORE TO PROMOTE GOOD PRACTICE AND EFFECTIVE LONG-TERM PLANNING FOR DECARBONIZATION
Article 4.19 called on Parties to the Paris Agreement to develop long term low emissions development strategies, and decision 1/CP21 invites Parties to present them ahead of 2020. To implement this requirement across all 28 EU countries, the EU is in the process of agreeing minimum requirements and guidelines under a draft new governance regulation for the EU’s Energy Union project. Unfortunately, early drafts of this document contain too little detail on what these strategies should include, or how member states should go about developing them. This is a concern, not only for the quality of climate governance in the EU, but also in terms of the potentially negative signal the EU may send under the Paris process, if many of its member states are incapable of producing robust and credible 2050 decarbonization strategies.
- DEVELOPERS OF LONG-TERM DECARBONIZATION STRATEGIES SHOULD HEED LESSONS FROM EXISTING EXPERIENCES
A small number of EU member states have already developed their own 2050 decarbonization strategies and plans. This study—which was jointly undertaken by IDDRI in France and Ecologic in Germany—highlights some important lessons that can be learned from recent experiences with 2050 decarbonization strategies in selected EU countries. It builds on experiences in a small group of EU member states to highlight some examples of good practice when it comes to long term decarbonization strategy development. If the EU and its member states wish to ensure that their climate policy governance is effective and consistent with the aims of the Paris Agreement, they may wish to explore the lessons of these experiences.
